|
Europe:
Rulers, Statesmen, and Titleholders |
| Name |
Tenure |
Family |
Aubigny,
Dalkeith, Torboulton and Aberdour; Darnley, Aubigny
and Dalkeith (Scotland, France)
(see Scotland) |
 |
Chablais
(Historic region, Switzerland and France) |
Counts
of Chablais |
| Humbert
I of Savoy, 1st C of Savoy |
1034->47† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Amedee
I of Savoy, 2nd C of Savoy |
>1047-51† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Oddon
of Savoy, 3rd C of Savoy |
1051-60† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Pierre
I of Savoy, 4th C of Savoy |
1060-78† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Amedee
II of Savoy, 5th C of Savoy |
1078-80† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Humbert
II of Savoy, 6th C of Savoy |
1080-1103† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Amedee
III of Savoy, 7th C of Savoy |
1103-48† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Humbert
III of Savoy, 8th C of Savoy |
1148-89† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Thomas
I of Savoy, 9th C of Savoy |
1189-1233† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Amedee
IV of Savoy, 10th C of Savoy |
1233-53† |
Savoy
(254) |
►Elevation
to the Duchy of Chablais by imperial
grant 1238 |
Dukes
of Chablais |
| Amedee
IV of Savoy, 10th C of Savoy |
1238-53† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Boniface
of Savoy, 11th C of Savoy |
1253-63† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Pierre
II of Savoy, 12th C of Savoy |
1263-68† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Philippe
I of Savoy, 13th C of Savoy |
1268-85† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Amedee
V of Savoy, 14th C of Savoy |
1285-1323† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Edouard
of Savoy, 15th C of Savoy |
1323-29† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Aymon
of Savoy, 16th C of Savoy |
1329-43† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Amedee
VI of Savoy, 17th C of Savoy |
1343-83† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Amedee
VII of Savoy, 18th C of Savoy |
1383-91† |
Savoy
(254) |
|
Amedee
VIII of Savoy (Felix V, anti-Pope) |
1391-1439;
†1451 |
Savoy
(254) |
| Louis
I of Savoy, 2nd D of Savoy |
1439-65† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Amedee
IX of Savoy, 3rd D of Savoy |
1465-72† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Philibert
I of Savoy, 4th D of Savoy |
1472-82† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Charles
I of Savoy, 5th D of Savoy |
1482-90† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Charles
II of Savoy, 6th D of Savoy |
1490-96† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Philippe
II of Savoy, 7th D of Savoy |
1496-97† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Philibert
II of Savoy, 8th D of Savoy |
1497-1504† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Charles
III of Savoy, 9th D of Savoy |
1504-36
dep; †1553 |
Savoy
(254) |
►Berne
occupation 1536–69 |
| Emmanuel-Philibert
of Savoy, 10th D of Savoy |
1569-80† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Carlo
Emanuele I of Savoy, 11th D of Savoy |
1580-1630† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Vittorio
Amedeo I of Savoy, 12th D of Savoy |
1630-37† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Francesco
Giacinto of Savoy, 13th D of Savoy |
1637-38† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Carlo
Emanuele II of Savoy, 14th D of Savoy |
1638;
†1675 |
Savoy
(254) |
| Vittorio
Amedeo II, K of Sardinia |
1675-1732† |
Savoy
(254) |
|
1732-73† |
Savoy
(254) |
|
Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy (substantive) |
†1705 |
Savoy
(254) |
|
1773-63;
†1796 |
Savoy
(254) |
| Carlo
Francesco of Sardinia (substantive) |
†1733 |
Savoy
(254) |
| Benedetto
Maria of Sardinia (substantive 1741-63) |
1741-96;
†1808 |
Savoy
(254) |
| Carlo
Emanuele IV, K of Sardinia |
1796-1802
abd; †1819 |
Savoy
(254) |
|
1802-21
abd; †1824 |
Savoy
(254) |
| Carlo
Felice, K of Sardinia |
1821-31† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Carlo
Alberto, K of Sardinia |
1831-49
abd; †1849 |
Savoy
(254) |
|
Vittorio Emanuele II, K of Italy |
1849-78† |
Savoy
(254) |
|
Umberto
I, K of Italy |
1878-1900† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Carlo
Alberto of Italy (substantive) |
†1854 |
Savoy
(254) |
| Vittorio
Emanuele III, K of Italy |
1900-46
abd; †1947 |
Savoy
(254) |
| Umberto
II, K of Italy |
1946-83† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Vittorio
Emanuele of Italy, P of Naples |
1983-
; *1937 |
Savoy
(254) |
|
Amedeo of Savoy, 5th Duke of Aosta
(in opposition) |
2006-21† |
Savoy
(254) |
|
2021-; *1967 |
Savoy
(254) |
Lords
of Chablais |
| Aymon
of Savoy |
†1242 |
Savoy
(254) |
|
| Czechoslovakia
(Czech Republic and Slovakia) |
►Czechoslovak
Republic 1918-39
|
Presidents
of Czechoslovakia |
|
Tomas Masaryk
|
1918-35
|
•••• |
|
Edvard Benes
|
1935-38
|
•••• |
|
Emil Hacha
|
1938-39
|
•••• |
| ►Slovakia
declares independence 1939-45
|
Presidents
of Czechoslovakia |
|
Edvard
Benes
|
1941-48
|
•••• |
| ►Communist
Czechoslovakia 1945-89
|
|
Edvard
Benes
|
1941-48
|
•••• |
|
Klement Gottwald
|
1948-53
|
•••• |
|
Antonin Zapotocky
|
1953-57
|
•••• |
|
Antonin Novotny
|
1957-68
|
•••• |
|
Ludvik Svoboda
|
1968-75
|
•••• |
|
Gustav Husak
|
1978-89
|
•••• |
|
Vaclav Havel
|
1989-92
|
•••• |
►Union
dissolved, Czech Republic and Slovakia declare independence
1993
|
|
Darnley,
Aubigny and Dalkeith (Scotland, France)
(see Scotland) |
|
Genevois
(Former province of the Duchy of Savoy, now divided between
the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland and the Department of
Haute-Savoie, France. Also referred to as Geneva, although
the city itself was separate.) |
Counts
of Genevois |
|
Amedee
VIII of Savoy (Felix V, anti-Pope) |
1401-34;
†1451 |
Savoy
(254) |
|
1434-44† |
Savoy
(254) |
|
1451-60;
†1465 |
Savoy
(254) |
|
1460-82† |
Savoy
(254) |
|
1482-83;
†1491 |
Savoy
(254) |
|
1483-85† |
Savoy
(254) |
|
1485-91† |
Savoy
(254) |
|
1491-96† |
Savoy
(254) |
|
1496-97† |
Savoy
(254) |
|
1497-1504† |
Savoy
(254) |
|
1504-14;
†1553 |
Savoy
(254) |
|
|
1514–33† |
Savoy (254) |
|
|
1533-85† |
Savoy
(254) |
►Elevated
to the Duchy of Genevois 1564 |
Dukes
of Genevois |
1st |
|
1564-85† |
Savoy
(254) |
2nd |
|
1585-95† |
Savoy (254) |
3rd |
|
1595-1632† |
Savoy (254) |
4th |
|
1632-41† |
Savoy (254) |
5th |
|
1641-52† |
Savoy (254) |
|
6th |
Henri II of Savoy, 7th D of Nemours |
1652-59† |
Savoy
(254) |
►To
Duchy of Savoy 1569 |
|
|
1659-75† |
Savoy (254) |
| Vittorio
Amedeo II, K of Sardinia |
1675-1732† |
Savoy
(254) |
|
Carlo
Emanuele III, K of Sardinia |
1732-73† |
Savoy
(254) |
|
1773-96† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Carlo
Emanuele IV, K of Sardinia |
1796-1802
abd; †1819 |
Savoy
(254) |
|
1802-21
abd; †1824 |
Savoy
(254) |
| Carlo
Felice, K of Sardinia (substantive
1795-96) |
1821-31† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Carlo
Alberto, K of Sardinia |
1831-49
abd; †1849 |
Savoy
(254) |
|
Vittorio Emanuele II, K of Italy |
1849-78† |
Savoy
(254) |
|
Vittorio Emanuele of Sardinia (substantive) |
†1855 |
Savoy
(254) |
|
Umberto
I, K of Italy |
1878-1900† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Vittorio
Emanuele III, K of Italy |
1900-46
abd; †1947 |
Savoy
(254) |
|
1946-83† |
Savoy (254) |
| Vittorio
Emanuele of Italy, P of Naples |
1983-
; *1937 |
Savoy
(254) |
|
Amedeo of Savoy, 5th Duke of Aosta
(in opposition) |
2006-21† |
Savoy
(254) |
|
2021-; *1967 |
Savoy
(254) |
Princes
of Genevois |
|
|
|
|
|
|
†1595 |
Savoy (254) |
|
|
†1596 |
Savoy (254) |
|
|
†1627 |
Savoy (254) |
|
Hainaut,
Hainault (Belgium,
France) (see Belgium) |
|
Low
Countries (Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg)
|
Governors
of the Lowe Countries |
|
|
1716-24;
†1736 |
Savoy (254) |
|
| Moravia
(Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary,
and Slovakia) |
Rulers
of the Greater Moravian Empire |
|
Samo
|
623-58
|
•••• |
|
Pribina (in Nitra)
|
c820-30
|
•••• |
|
Mojmir I
|
830-46
|
•••• |
|
Ratislav
|
846-70
|
•••• |
|
Kocel (in Pannoia)
|
861-81
|
•••• |
|
Slavomir
|
870-71
|
•••• |
|
Ratislav
|
846-70
|
•••• |
|
Svatopluk
|
871-94
|
•••• |
|
Mojmir II
|
894-907
|
•••• |
| ►Kingdom
of Hungary 907-1918
|
|
Navarra
(France & Spain. Upper Navarra
to Spain, Lower Navarra to France, 1512.
(See Basse-Navarre, France) |
| ►Part
of the Kingdom of Pamplona late 700s-early 800s
|
| ►Kingdom
of Navarre 851
|
|
►Union with Champagne 1234-74
|
|
►To France 1274-1328
|
|
►Independence 1328
|
|
►Territory split between Spain and France 1512
|
Ricombres
of Navarre (Spain & France) |
|
Arnaud-Guillaume II de Gramont, 9th Sn of Gramont |
†>1276 |
Gramont (1980) |
|
Arnaud-Guillaume III de Gramont, 10th Sn of Gramont |
†1290 |
Gramont (1980) |
|
Arnaud-Guillaume IV de Gramont, 12th Sn of Gramont |
†1362 |
Gramont (1980) |
|
Arnaud-Raimund I de Gramont, 13th Sn of Gramont |
1350 |
Gramont (1980) |
|
Arnaud-Raimund II de Gramont, 14th Sn of Gramont |
†1405 |
Gramont (1980) |
|
†1454 |
Gramont (1980) |
|
†1469 |
Gramont (1980) |
|
1400s |
Gramont (1980) |
|
†1516
|
Gramont (1980) |
|
†1528
|
Gramont (1980) |
Governors of Navarre |
|
1497 |
Gramont (1980) |
|
Serbia
and Montenegro, State of the Union of
(see Yugoslavia) |
|
| The
Serbs, Croats and Slovenes; Yugoslavia |
| Kings
of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes |
| Petar
I, K
of Serbia
|
1918-21†
|
Karadjordjevic |
Regent
|
Aleksandar
(Aleksandar I, K of Serbia) (for Petar I)
|
1914-21;
†1934
|
Karadjordjevic |
| Aleksandar
I
|
1921-34†
|
Karadjordjevic |
| Kings
of Yugoslavia |
Aleksandar
I
|
1929-34†
|
Karadjordjevic |
| Petar
II
|
1934-45 dep; †1970
|
Karadjordjevic |
Regent
|
P
Paul of Yugoslavia (for Petar II)
|
1934-41;
†1976
|
Karadjordjevic |
|
►German invasion and occupation 1941-45
|
|
►Monarchy abolished 1945
|
| ►Federal
People's Republic of Yugoslavia (communist rule) 1946–1963
|
| President
of the Presidium of the National Assembly of Yugoslavia |
| Ivan
Ribar
|
1946-53; †1968
|
•••• |
| Presidents
of the Collective Presidency of Yugoslavia |
Josip
Broz Tito
|
1953-80†
|
•••• |
| ►Socialist
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (communist rule) 1963–92
|
| Presidents
of the Collective Presidency of Yugoslavia |
Lazar
Kolisevski
(Macedonia)
|
1980
|
•••• |
Cvijetin
Mijatovic (Bosnia-Herzegovina)
|
1980-81
|
•••• |
Sergej
Kraigher (Slovenia)
|
1981-82
|
•••• |
Petar
Stambolic
(Serbia)
|
1982-83
|
•••• |
Mika
Spiljac (Croatia)
|
1983-84
|
•••• |
Veselin
Duranovic (Montenegro)
|
1984-85
|
•••• |
Radovan
Vlajkovic (Serbia)
|
1985-86
|
•••• |
Sinan
Hasani
(Kosovo)
|
1986-87
|
•••• |
Lazar
Mojsov (Macedonia)
|
1987-88
|
•••• |
Raif
Dizlarevic
(Bosnia-Herzegovina)
|
1988-89
|
•••• |
Janez
Drnovsek
(Slovenia)
|
1989-90
|
•••• |
Borisav
Jovic
(Serbia)
|
1990-91
|
•••• |
Stipe
Mesic (Croatia)
|
1991
|
•••• |
|
►Macedonia Croatia, Slovenia and Macedonia declare independence
1991
|
| Branko
Kostic
|
1991-92
|
•••• |
|
►Bosnia and Herzegovina declares independence 1992
|
| ►Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia (union of Serbia and Montenegro) 1992-2003
|
Presidents
of Yugoslavia |
Dobrica
Cosic
|
1992-93
|
•••• |
Zoran
Lilic
|
1993-97
|
•••• |
Solobodan
Milosovic
|
1997-2000
|
•••• |
Vojislav
Kostunica
|
2000-03
|
•••• |
| ►State
Union of Serbia and Montenegro 2003-06
|
President
of Serbia and Montenegro |
Svetozar
Marovic
|
2003-06
|
•••• |
►Montenegro
declares Independence, union ends 2006
|
| Titular/Claimant-Kings
of Yugoslavia |
| Petar
II
|
1945-70†
|
Karadjordjevic |
| Aleksandar
II
|
1970-; *1945
|
Karadjordjevic |
|
| Thrace
(Historical region of Greece, Turkey
and Bulgaria)
|
|
Transcaucasian
Republic (Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia)
|
| ►Established
1918 (one month only)
|
| ►Independence
of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia 1918
|
|
| United
Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (see Portugal) |
|
Families
|
Lands
| Abbr. and Symbols |
Sources
|
Europe Index |
