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Turkey: Rulers, Statesmen, and Titleholders
Name Tenure
Family
Amazons (mythical)
Queens of the Amazons
-
••••
Anatolia, Asia Minor, Rum
Sultans of Rum
1092-1107†
Seljuk (2218)
Antioch
Princes of Antioch
Regent
Tancred, P of Galilee (1) (for Bohemund I)
1101-03; †1112
(134)
Regent
Tancred, P of Galilee (2) (for Bohemund I)
1104-11; †1112
(134)
1098-1111†
Hauteville (134)
Regent
Tancred, P of Galilee (3) (for Roger)
1112†
(134)
1112-19†
Hauteville (134)
1126-30†
Hauteville (134)
Arslantepe, Melid, Meliteia, Malatya, Milidia, Melitene[R12]
Settled from 5th millennium BC[R12]
Subject territory of the Hitties, 1300s BC[R12]
To Carchemish, 1100s[R12]
Invaded by Assyria and made a tributary, 1100s/1000s[R12]
Kings of Melid
1100s BC
Hittites (1445)
1100s BC
Hittites (1445)
1100s-1000s BC
Hittites (1445)
1000s-900s BC?
••••
1000s-900s BC
••••
1000s-900s BC
••••
Mariti 1000s/900s BC
••••
c853-35 BC
••••
700s BC
••••
c784-60 BC
••••
Urartu overlordship, c. 760-43 BC[KK1]
Assyrian sovereignty, 743 BC[R12]
Sulumal 743-32 BC
••••
?-c719 BC dep
••••
c719-12 BC dep
••••
Assyria granted control to provincial governor and king of Kummuh, 712 BC[R12]
fl. 675 BC
••••
Cimmerian invasion. Site eventually abandoned[KK1]
Bogazkoy, Bogazkale, Hattus, Hattusa
Hattus founded by the Hattians and made capital of the Hatti kingdom, c. 2000 BC[KK1]
Destroyed by king of Nesa, 1700s BC[KK1]
Rebuilt and renamed Hattusa, by the Hitties and made their capital, 1600s BC[KK1]
Captured and destroyed by Kaska(?) tribes, 1300s BC[KK1]
Rebuilt and reinstated as the Hittite capital (except between 1290s-<1272 BC), 1300s-1100s BC[KK1]
Abandoned, sacked, destroyed after Hittite Empire collapse, 1100s BC[KK1]
Reoccupied by native Anatolian squatters from early Iron Age[KK1]
Significant settlement established by 800s BC[KK1]
Cicilia
Kings of Cilicia
Costus (traditional)
200s
••••
Edessa
Counts of Edessa
Regent
Tancred, P of Galilee (for Baldwin II)
1104; †1112
(134)
Regent
Richard of the Principate (for Baldwin II)
1104-08; †1112
Hauteville (134)
Counts Palatine
(From 1453, the Ottoman sultans claimed the right to bestow this office as the successors to the Byzantine emperor after the fall of Constantinople.)
Bellini
1481-1507†
Bellini (1494.2)
Hapalla
Hittite vassal status, c1350 BC[KK1]
King of Hapalla
<1310s BC
••••
Hapkis
Kaska occupation , 1400s BC[KK1]
To the Hittites, 1300s BC[KK1]
Hatti
Homeland of Pre-Indo-European Hattic people?, Bronze Age[KK1]
Possible kingdom of Hatti, second half early Bronze Age[KK1]
King of Hatti?
Pamba[KK1] c2380 to 2325[KK1]
••••
Kingdom of Hatti, middle Bronze Age[KK1]
King of Hatti
Piyusti 1700s BC
••••
To the Hittites, late Bronze Age[KK1]
Kizzuwadna, Kizzuwatna
Kings of Kizzuwadna
Independence recognised by the Hittites, 1500s BC[I16]
Isputahsu 1500s BC
••••
Eheya 1500s BC
••••
Paddatissu[I16] 1500s/1400s BC[I16]
••••
Pilliya 1400s BC
••••
Sunassura[M17] 1400s BC[M17]
••••
Hittite annexation , 1300s BC[KK1]
Kultepe, Kanesh, Nesa
Kings of Kanesh
Hurmeli ?-c.1790 BC
••••
?
••••
c. 1790-75 BC
••••
c. 1775-50 BC
••••
Pithana c. 1750-40 BC
••••
Anitta c. 1740-25 BC
••••
Zuzu[69]
 ?
••••
Kussara
Seat of the Pithana dynasty before being conquered by Nesa, 1800s BC[KK1]
King of Kussara
Labarna I? (K of the Hittites) 1500s BC
Hittites (1445)
Kuwaliya
Hittite vassal status[KK1]
Merged with Mira[KK1]
Kushara, Kussara
Rulers of Kushara
Pithana (King of Kanesh) 1700s
••••
Papahdilmah[I16] 1600s[I16]
••••
Lydia
Kings of Lydia
Candaules c707-688 BC†
Heraclid (2164)
c560 BC?-c546 BC†
Mermnad (3754)
Marash
Lords of Marash
†1112
Hauteville (134)
Mira
Hittite vassal status[KK1]
Merged with Kuwaliya[KK1]
Mira-Kuwaliya
Hittite vassal status[KK1]
Kings of Mira-Kuwaliya
c1318-c09 BC dep
(1445)
c1309->1267 BC
(1445)
Tarkasnawa[KK1] 1200s BC[KK1]
••••
Pasha
1897; †1915    
Al-Sabah (1)
Phrygia
Kings of Phrygia
Meion (traditional)
-    
Greek Mythology (M10)
Gordius (traditional)
-
Greek Mythology (M10)
Midas (traditional)
-
Greek Mythology (M10)
Teucer (traditional)
-
Greek Mythology (M10)
Tappassanda
To the Hittite Empire, >1650s BC[KK1]
Tarhuntassa
Part of the Hittite territories, 1200s BC[KK1]
King of Tarhuntassa
Kurunta (K of the Hittites?) >1267 BC
Hittites (1445)
Turkey
Sultans of Turkey ►
Osman I
c.1290-1326†
 ••••
Orhan Gazi
1326-62†
 ••••
Murad I
1362-89†
 ••••
Bayezid I
1389-1402; †1403
 ••••
Interregnum, 1402-13
Mehmed I
1413-21†
 ••••
Murad II (1)
1421-44 abd; †1451
 ••••
Mehmed II (1) 
1444-46; †1481
 ••••
Murad II (2)
1446-51†
 ••••
Mehmed II (2)
1451-81†
 ••••
Bayezid II
1481-1512 abd; †1512
 ••••
Selim I
1512-20†
 ••••
Suleyman I
1520-66†
 ••••
Selim II
1566-74†
 ••••
Murad III
1574-95†
 ••••
Mehmed III
1595-1603†
 ••••
Ahmed I
1603-17†
 ••••
Mustafa I (1)
1617-18 dep; †1639
 ••••
Osman II
1618-22 dep; †1622
 ••••
Mustafa I (2)
1622-1623 dep; †1639
 ••••
Murad IV
1623-40†
 ••••
Ibrahim
1640-48 dep; †1648
 ••••
Mehmed IV
1648-87 dep; †1693
 ••••
Suleyman II
1687-91†
 ••••
Ahmed II
1691-95†
 ••••
Mustafa II
1695-1703 dep; †1703
 ••••
Ahmed III
1703-30 dep; †1736
 ••••
Mahmud I
1730-54†
 ••••
Osman III
1754-57†
 ••••
Mustafa III
1757-74†
 ••••
Abdulhamid I
1774-89†
 ••••
Selim III
1789-1807 dep; †1808
 ••••
Mustafa IV
1807-08 dep; †1808
 ••••
Mahmud II
1808-39†
 ••••
Abdulmecid
1839-61†
 ••••
Abdulaziz
1861-76 dep; †1876
 ••••
Murad V
1876 dep; †1904
 ••••
Abdulhamid II
1876-1909 dep; †1918
 ••••
Mehmed V
1909-18†
 ••••
Mehmed VI
1918-22 dep; †1926
 ••••
Sultanate abolished, 1922
Zalpa, Zalpuwa
Kings of Zalpa
Uhna 1700s BC?
••••
Huzziya 1700s BC, dep
••••
Conquered by the king of Nesa, 1700s BC[I16]
Conquered by the Hittites, 1700s BC[KK1]

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