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Rulers
and Statesmen of Jerusalem |
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Jerusalem
originated as a modest Canaanite settlement under local chieftains,
its location on significant trade routes contributing to its
gradual development. The city attained greater prominence
in the tenth century BCE under King David, who established
it as the capital of the united Israelite kingdom. Following
the division of this kingdom, Jerusalem remained the political
and religious centre of Judah until its destruction by the
Babylonians in 586 BCE, which resulted in the exile of its
inhabitants. Persian rule subsequently permitted the return
of exiles and the reconstruction of the Temple. After the
conquests of Alexander the Great, Jerusalem fell under Hellenistic
influence, later experiencing a period of Jewish autonomy
under the Hasmonean dynasty. Roman dominion ensued, culminating
in the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. Throughout
the subsequent centuries, the city came under Byzantine, various
Islamic caliphates, Crusader, Ayyubid, and Mamluk control,
before entering Ottoman rule from the sixteenth century until
the early twentieth century. British administration followed
the collapse of Ottoman authority after the First World War.
The 1948 Arab-Israeli War resulted in the division of Jerusalem
between Israeli and Jordanian governance. Since 1967, Israel
has administered the entire city, while Palestinians maintain
a claim to East Jerusalem as the capital of a prospective
Palestinian state, thereby rendering the city a focal point
of sustained political and religious contention. |
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Position
Holders |
| Name |
Tenure |
|
►First
Settlement Early Bronze Age
|
►Israelite
Conquest 1000 BC
|
►Assyrian
Siege 701 BC (peace treaty; continued Israelite rule)
|
►Babylonian
Capture 587/586 BC– 536 BC (city destroyed)
|
►Persian
Rule 536–322 BC
|
►Macedonian
Rule 332–323 BC
|
►Ptolemaic
Rule 323–198 BC
|
►Seleucid
Rule 198–141 BC
|
►Hasmonean
Rule 141–37 BC
|
►Roman
Capture 63 BC
|
►Parthian
Capture 40 BC
|
►Herodian
Rule 37 BC– AD 70
|
►Roman
Annexation of Judea AD 6
|
►Roman
Destruction 70
|
►Rebuilt
as the Roman City Aelia Capitolina 135
|
►Byzantine
Rule 324–638
|
►Capture
by Caliph Umar 638
|
►Umayyad
Rule 660–750
|
►Abassid
Rule 750–969
|
| ►Fatimid
Rule 969–1099
|
Defender
of the Holy Sepulchre |
|
Godfroy
de Bouillon, D of Lower Lorraine
|
1099–1100†
|
Boulogne
(633) |
Kings
and Queens of Jerusalem |
Baldwin
I
|
1100–18†
|
Boulogne
(633) |
Baldwin
II
|
1118–31†
|
Rethel
(175) |
Melisende
(jointly)
|
1131–52
dep; †1161
|
Rethel
(175) |
Fulk
|
1131–43†
|
Anjou
(8) |
|
Baldwin
III
|
1143–63†
|
Anjou
(8) |
Amaury
I
|
1163–74†
|
Anjou
(8) |
Baldwin
IV (jointly 1183–85)
|
1174–85†
|
Anjou
(8) |
Vassal Regent: Miles
of Plancy or Rohard of Jaffa (for Baldwin IV)
|
1174 dep
|
Anjou
(8) |
Regent:
Raymond III,
C of Tripoli (for Baldwin IV)
|
1174–77; †1187
|
Toulouse (407) |
Baldwin
V (jointly 1183–85)
|
1185–86
|
Anjou
(8) |
Regent:
Raymond III, C of Tripoli (for Baldwin V)
|
1185–86; †1187
|
Toulouse (407) |
Sibylle
(jointly)
|
1186–90†
|
Anjou
(8) |
|
1186–92
dep; †1194 |
Lusignan
(184) |
►Ayyubid
Rule 1187–1250
|
Isabelle
I (jointly)
|
1192–1205
|
Anjou
(8) |
|
Conrad
(jointly)
|
1192†
|
Montferrat |
|
Henri
I (jointly)
|
1192–97†
|
Champagne |
|
Amaury II
(jointly)
|
1197–1205†
|
Lusignan
(184) |
|
Maria
(jointly from 1210)
|
1205–12†
|
Montferrat
(663) |
Vassal Regent:
Jean d'Ibelin, L of Beirut (for Q Maria)
|
1205–10; †1236
|
Ibelin
(150) |
|
Jean
I, Emp of Constantinople(jointly)
|
1210–12;
†1237
|
Brienne
(1428) |
|
Isabelle
II (jointly from 1225)
|
1212–28
|
Brienne
(1428) |
Regent:
Jean, Emp of Constantinople (for Isabelle II)
|
1212–25;
†1237
|
Brienne
(1428) |
|
Friedrich
(Friedrich II K of the Romans)
|
1225–28;
†1250
|
Hohenstaufen
(140) |
|
Conrad
(Conrad IV K of the Romans)* |
1228–54† |
|
Regent:
Friedrich II, K of the Romans (for Conrad)
|
1228–43;
†1250
|
Hohenstaufen
(140) |
Vassal Regent:
Balian I Garnier, L of Sidon (jointly)
(for Conrad)
|
1228
|
Garnier (520) |
Vassal Regent:
Odo de Montbeliard (1) (jointly) (for Conrad)
|
1228
|
Montbeliard (388) |
Regent:
Alice of Champagne (for
Conrad)
|
1243–46†
|
Champagne
(76) |
Vassal Regent:
Odo de Montbeliard (2) (for Conrad) |
1243
|
Montbeliard (388) |
►Egyptian
Conquest 1244–49
|
Regent:
Henry I, K of Cyprus (for
Conrad)
|
1246–53†
|
Lusignan
(184) |
Vassal Regent: Jean
d'Ibelin, L of Arsur (1) (for Conrad)
|
1253–54
|
Ibelin
(150) |
|
Conradin
(K of Sicily)
|
1254–68†
|
Hohenstaufen
(140) |
Vassal Regent:
Philip Chamberlain (for Conrad)
|
1254
|
••••
|
Vassal Regent:
Jean d'Ibelin, L of Jaffa (for Conrad)
|
1254–56
|
Ibelin (150) |
Vassal Regent:
Jean d'Ibelin, L of Arsur (2) (for Conradin)
|
1256–58
|
Ibelin
(150) |
Regent:
Hugh II, K of Cyprus (for
Conradin)
|
1258–67†
|
Lusignan
(184) |
Regent:
Plaisance of Antioch (for regent Hugh II of
Cyprus)
|
1258–61†
|
Antioch
(3515) |
Vassal Regent: Geoffrey
of Sargines (for Conrad)
|
1261–63
|
••••
|
Regent:
Isabella of Cyprus (for regent Hugh II of Cyprus)
|
1263–64†
|
Lusignan
(184) |
Vassal Regent:
Geoffrey of Sargines? (for Conradin)
|
1264
|
••••
|
Regent:
Hugh
III, K of Cyprus (for regent Hugh II of Cyprus)
|
1264–67;
†1284
|
Lusignan
(184) |
|
Regent:
Hugh III, K of Cyprus (for Conradin)
|
1268;
†1284
|
Lusignan
(184) |
|
Hugh
(Hugh III, K of Cyprus)
|
1268–84†
|
Lusignan
(184) |
|
Jean
II, K of Cyprus
|
1284–85†
|
Lusignan
(184) |
|
Henri
II, K of Cyprus |
1285–91
dep; †1324 |
Lusignan
(184) |
►Mamluke
Rule 1249–1516
|
►Ottoman
Rule 1516–1917
|
►British
Rule 1917–48
|
►Transjordanian
and Israeli Rule (division of East and West Jerusalem) 1948–67
|
►Israeli
Capture of Jerusalem 1967
|
►Disputed
between Israel and Palestine 1967–present
|
| Titular
Kings and Queens of Jerusalem, and Claimants ► |
|
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| Notes |
| *
Conrad never went to Jerusalem to claim the throne therefore
a regent was appointed in 1243. Hugh II was technically regent
of Jerusalem for Conradin, but he himself was a minor, therefore
Plaisance, Isabella and Hugh (III) were appointed 'regents for
the regent'.
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Families
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Lands
| Abbr.
and Symbols | Asia |
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