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Orestes Pursued by the Furies
Oil on canvas, 231.1 x 278.4 cm, by
William-Adolphe Bouguereau, 1862
Chrysler Museum of Art, Norfolk, Virginia
 

A scene from Greek mythology, Orestes is at the centre, shown in a moment of sheer torment, his muscular body contorted as he tries to shield himself from the Furies—supernatural agents of vengeance. His wide eyes and tense posture suggest mental agony as much as physical terror. Three Furies surround him, their expressions fierce, their hair writhing with snakes, and their gestures wild. One wields a torch, another brandishes a threatening arm, and a third restrains a ghostly, pale woman—Clytemnestra, Orestes’ mother, whom he has murdered. She appears spectral and faint, gripping the bloodied dagger that links her to the crime. The entire composition brims with turmoil, the figures tightly packed against a shadowy background that heightens the tension. This moment captures the mythic punishment of Orestes after he kills Clytemnestra to avenge the death of his father, Agamemnon. Though the act was commanded by Apollo, it violated the sacred taboo against matricide, and so the Furies—goddesses of vengeance—hound him relentlessly. The painting obviously, doesn’t aim for calm balance, but instead immerses the viewer in a visceral whirlwind of guilt, rage, and divine retribution.