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Brunhilde Observing Gunther, Whom She Has Tied to the Ceiling
Pencil, pen and ink and wash, 48.3 x 31.7 cm, by Henry Fuseli, 1807
City Museum and Art Gallery, Nottingham


A moment drawn from the legend of Brunhilde and Gunther from the Nibelungenlied (The Song of the Nibelungs), a Middle High German epic poem from around the 13th century in Austria or Bavaria. The story was later adapted and popularised through Richard Wagner's opera cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen, especially in his opera Götterdämmerung. Brunhilde is a powerful queen who will only marry a man who can defeat her in physical trials. Gunther, wanting to marry her, enlists the help of Siegfried, who uses a magical cloak to become invisible and defeat her in Gunther’s place. After being tricked into marriage, Brunhilde later realises the deception. In some tellings—particularly later adaptations—this betrayal leads to a dramatic reversal in which she overpowers or humiliates Gunther. As interpreted here by Fuseli, she has tied and suspended Gunther from the ceiling. The scene flips traditional gender roles and reflects themes of strength, deceit, and domination found in the Nibelungenlied and later Wagnerian interpretations. Fuseli, known for his fascination with myth, erotic tension, and psychological intensity, draws on this element of humiliation and revenge to present Brunhilde calmly observing while Gunther’s muscular form hangs contorted above, adding an element of theatrical absurdity. His figures are modelled with bold contrasts, and the brushwork ranges from controlled, muscular outlines to softer, more fluid washes in the background and drapery. Fuseli’s distinctive style is evident in the exaggerated anatomy, dramatic lighting, and emotionally charged atmosphere. The image feels more dreamlike than realistic, in keeping with his usual approach to mythological themes.