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Portraits of 500 Arhats: 癸 – Gui, 10th Heavenly Stem
Ink on paper, 39 x 1,820 cm, after Wang Fangyue, 1757
National Library of China, Beijing
 

 

The scene is dense with figures and detail, unfolding across a layered, mountainous setting crisscrossed by winding paths, steps, and flowing water. Dozens of monks are gathered in clusters throughout the composition—seated on stone platforms, resting beneath trees, or positioned on terraces carved into the cliffside. A waterfall spills down jagged rock faces, adding movement, into a sinuous stream that runs through the lower half, its pale surface contrasting with the dark, textured landscape, while a narrow bridge arches gracefully over it, connecting two banks where monks pause or pass. Some monks appear in animated exchange, hands raised or bodies turned towards one another, while others sit in quiet absorption, gazes lowered or turned inward. Across the cliffs and in the upper reaches, figures are positioned in caves, on ledges, or nestled among stark, leafless trees that seem to glow faintly in the darkness. A creature emerges from the water, its clawed hand directed at a seated monk, who holds up a round object toward it. Despite multitude of figures, there is no chaos; the scene breathes with a steady calm. All are present in nirvana, a realm beyond desire and suffering, where every gesture and placement reflects a deeper harmony and a shared state of awakened presence.