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| Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472–1553) | ||||||||||
| Lucas Cranach the Elder, born Lucas Müller in Kronach, Germany, was one of the most influential German artists of the 16th century. Trained by his father, Hans Müller, Cranach initially worked in Vienna, where he became associated with the Danube school and later adopted his surname from his hometown. In 1505, he was appointed court painter to Elector Frederick the Wise of Saxony, a position he held for the rest of his career in Wittenberg, during which time he produced many of his greatest works. Cranach's style, initially focused on devotional works with dramatic landscapes, evolved to meet the demands of the Saxon court, with a particular emphasis on detailed portraiture. He is best known for his portraits of key figures of the Protestant Reformation, including Martin Luther, as well as his numerous depictions of old people, and women, often portrayed in sensual, fashionably elaborate poses that blended sacred and secular themes. Despite his speed—earning him the title 'Pictor celerrimus'—his works are characterised by a distinct linear elegance, influenced by the Gothic style. His design approach remained Gothic, and while his compositions are sometimes considered irregular, the heads of his figures are finished with care, though their hands and extremities are often stiff, poorly proportioned, and inaccurately drawn. Cranach's ability to produce a large body of work, including over 100 woodcuts and numerous altarpieces, was matched by his success, as both Protestant and Catholic patrons sought his art. His legacy endured through his sons, who continued the family style in his expansive studio. | ||||||||||
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Art