Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus), also known as Barbary apes despite being monkeys, are a distinct and critically endangered primate species native to the Atlas Mountains of North Africa. Renowned for their striking appearance, characterised by a robust build, long fur, and expressive faces, Barbary macaques are the only species of macaque found outside of Asia. They exhibit complex social structures within matrilineal groups, displaying intricate grooming behaviours and communicating through vocalisations and body language. Their omnivorous diet includes a variety of fruits, seeds, leaves, and occasionally small invertebrates, which helps them adapt to diverse mountainous habitats. However, habitat loss, fragmentation, and illegal poaching pose significant threats to their survival, leading to their classification as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.