THE UNIVERSAL COMPENDIUM



Classification of Languages

Afroasiatic
Ancient Egyptian and Coptic
Berber Languages
Chadic Languages
   · Hausa
Cushitic Languages
   · Highland East Cushitic Languages
   · Oromo
   · Somali
Omotic Languages
   · Wolaitta
Semitic Languages
   · Eblaite
   · Central
       · Arabic
       · Aramaic
       · Hebrew, Biblical and Jewish
       · Hebrew, Israeli
       · Jewish languages
       · Maltese
       · Phoenician and Punic
       · Syriac
       · Ugaritic
   · Eastern
       · Akkadian
   · Southern
       · Ethiopian Semitic Languages
       · Amharic
       · Ge’ez
       · Tigrinya
Altaic
Mongolic Languages 
Tungusic Languages
   · Evenki
Turkic Languages
   · Azerbaijanian
   · Bashkir
   · Chuvash
   · Kazakh
   · Kirghiz
   · Tatar
   · Turkish
   · Turkmen
   · Uygur
   · Uzbek
   · Yakut
Australian
Mirndi
   · Wambaya
Pama-Nyungan
   · Arrernte
   · Gamilaraay
   · Guugu Yimidhirr
   · Jiwarli
   · Kalkutungu
   · Kaytetye
   · Morrobalama
   · Pitjantjatjara/Yankunytjatjara
   · Warlpiri
Southern Daly
   · Ngan’gi
Tangkic
   · Kayardild
Tiwian
   · Tiwi
Austroasiatic
Mon-Khmer Languages
   · Eastern
       · Khmer
   · Northern
       · Khasi
       · Vietnamese
       · Wa
   · Southern
       · Mon
   · Munda Languages
       · Santali
Austronesian
Formosan Languages
Malayo-Polynesian Languages
   · Central
       · Flores Languages
       · Malukan Languages
  · Oceanic
       · Fijian
       · Maori
       · Tahitian
       · Tamambo
       · Vures
   · Western
       · Balinese
       · Bikol
       · Cebuano
       · Hawaiian
       · Hiligaynon
       · Ilocano
       · Javanese
       · Kapampangan
       · Madurese
       · Malagasy
       · Malay (Malaysian and
            Indonesian)
       · Niuean
       · North Philippine Languages
       · Riau Indonesian
       · Samar-Leyte
       · South-Philippine Languages
       · Tagalog
Caucasian
Abkhaz
Georgian
Lak
Chukotko-Kamchatkan
Alutor
Chukchi
Itelmen
Kerek
Koryak
Dravidian
Brahui
Kannada
Kurukh
Malayalam
Tamil
Telugu
Toda


     
Hmong-Mien
Hmongic (Miao) Languages
Ho Nte
Mienic Languages
Indo-European
Albanian
Anatolian Languages
   · Hittite
Armenian
Balto-Slavic Languages
   · Baltic Languages
       · Latvian
       · Lithuanian
   · Slavic Languages
       · Belorussian
       · Bulgarian
       · Church Slavonic
       · Czech
       · Macedonian
       · Old Church Slavonic
      · Polish
       · Russian
       · 'Serbian-Croatian-Bosnian
            Linguistic Complex’
       · Slovak
       · Slovene
       · Sorbian
      · Ukrainian
Celtic Languages
   · Breton
   · Cornish
   · Irish
   · Pictish
   · Scots Gaelic
   · Welsh
Germanic Languages
   · Afrikaans
   · Danish
   · Dutch
   · English, Early Modern
   · English: African American
       Vernacular
   · English: Middle English
   · English, Later Modern
   · English in the present day
   · English: Old English
   · English, World
   · German
   · Gothic
   · Luxembourgish
   · Norse and Icelandic
   · Norwegian
   · Old Icelandic
   · Scots
   · Swedish
   · Yiddish
Hellenic
   · Greek, Ancient
   · Greek, Modern
Indo-Iranian Languages
   · Indo Aryan Languages
       · Assamese
       · Bengali
       · Dardic
            · Kashmiri
       · Dhivehi
       · Domari
       · Gujarati
       · Hindi
       · Hindustani
       · Lahnda
       · Marathi
       · Nepali
       · Nuristani Languages
       · Pali
       · Punjabi
       · Romani
       · Sanskrit
       · Sindhi
       · Sinhala
       · Urdu
   · Iranian Languages
       · Avestan
       · Bactrian
       · Balochi
       · Chorasmian
       · Khotanese
       · Kurdish
       · Ossetic
       · Pahlavi
       · Pashto
       · Persian, Modern
       · Persian, Old
       · Sogdian
       · Tajik Persian
Italic Languages
   · Latin
   · Romance Languages
       · Catalan
       · Franglais
       · French
       · Galician
       · Italian
       · Jerriais
       · Occitan
       · Portuguese
       · Rhaeto Romance
       · Romanian
       · Spanish
   · Tocharian
Khoesaan
Khoesaan Languages
Middle American
Chibchan (and South America)
Mayan Languages
Misumalpan
Mize-Zoquean Languages
Oto-Manguean Languages
   · Chinantec
   · Zapotecan
Tanoan Languages
Totonacan Languages
Uto-Aztecan Languages
   · Cupeño
   · Hopi
   · Nahuatl
   · Tohono O’odham
     
Niger-Congo
Adamawa-Ubangi
Atlantic Congo Languages
   · Fulfulde
   · Ijo
   · Wolof
Benue-Congo Languages
   · Efik
   · Mambila
   · Bantu Languages
       · Gikuyu
       · Kinyarwanda
       · Luganda
       · Nyanja
       · Shona
       · Southern Bantu
            Languages
       · Swahili
       · Xhosa
       · Zulu
Dogon
Gur Languages
Kordofanian Languages
Kru Languages
Kwa Languages
   · Akan
   · Ewe
   · Yoruba
Mande Languages
Nilo-Saharan
Dinka
Kanuri
Luo
Songhay Languages
North American
Algonquian and Ritwan Languages
   · Cree
   · Mitchif
Caddoan Languages
Chimakuan Languages
Eskimo-Aleut
   · Inupiaq
   · West Greenlandic
Hokan Languages
   · Pomoan Languages
Iroquoian Languages
   · Oneida
Keres
Muskogean Languages
   · Choctaw
   · Creek
Na-Dene Languages
   · Navaho
Penutian Languages
Salishan Languages
Siouan Languages
   · Crow
   · Lakota
   · Omaha-Ponca
Wakashan Languages
   · Nuuchahnulth
Papuan
Central Solomon Languages
Sepik Languages
   · Manambu
Skou Languages
Torricelli Languages
Trans New Guinea Languages
   · Madang Languages
West Papuan Languages
Pidgins and Creoles
Bislama
Cape Verdean Creole
Fanagolo
Gullah
Hawaiian Creole English
Hiri Motu
Krio
Louisiana Creole
Mobilian Jargon
Palenquero
Papamientu
Russenorsk
Sango
Tok Pisin
Tsotsi Taal
Yanito
Sino-Tibetan
Sinitic Languages
   · Chinese
Tibeto-Burman Languages
   · Burmese
   · Karen Languages
   · Tibetan
South American
Andean Languages
   · Aymará
   · Quechua
Arawak Languages
   · Tariana
Cariban Languages
Choco Languages
Chibchan (and Middle America)
Macro-Jê Languages
Mapudungan
Panoan
Tucanoan Languages
Tupian Languages
   · Guaraní
Tai Kadai
Lao
Thais
Uralic
Estonian
Finnish
Hungarian
Nenets
Saami
Language isolates and
Languages of disputed affiliation
Ainu
Basque
Burushaski
Elamite
Etruscan
Hurrian
Japanese
Ryukyuan
Ket
Korean
Nivkh
Sumerian
Yukaghir
Artificial
Esperanto
   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Sources

Brown, K. and S. Ogilvie, eds. Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. Oxford: Elsevier Ltd., 2009.

 


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