The Jacobite Succession
Jacobites was the name given
after the revolution of 1688 to the adherents, first of
the exiled English king James II, then of his descendants,
who sought the restoration of the Stuart heirs to the
British throne. The Jacobites were present in England
and Ireland, but were comparatively more numerous and
more active in Scotland. They were recruited largely,
but not solely, from among the Roman Catholics, and the
Protestants among them were often identical with the Non-Jurors.
Owing to a variety of causes, Jacobitism began to lose
ground after the accession of George I and the suppression
of the revolt of 1715; and the total failure of the rising
of 1745 may be said to mark its end as a serious political
force. Although in 1765 it was said that Jacobitism was
extinct, as a sentiment it remained for some time longer
into the twentieth century. In 1750, during a strike of
coal workers at Elswick, James III was proclaimed king;
in 1780 certain persons walked out of the Roman Catholic
Church at Hexham when George III was prayed for; and as
late as 1784 a Jacobite rising was talked about. Northumberland
was thus a Jacobite stronghold; and in Manchester, where
in 1777 according to an American observer 'Jacobitism
is openly professed', a Jacobite rendezvous known as 'John
Shaw’s Club' lasted from 1735 to 1892. North Wales
was another Jacobite centre. The 'Cycle of the White Rose'—the
white rose being the badge of the Stuarts—composed
of members of the principal Welsh families around Wrexham,
lasted from 1710 until some time between 1850 and 1860.
Jacobite traditions also lingered among the great families
of the Scottish Highlands; the last person to suffer death
as a Jacobite was Archibald Cameron, a son of Cameron
of Lochiel, who was executed in 1753. The Jacobite sympathies
of Samuel Johnson were well known, and on the death of
Victor Emmanuel I, the ex-king of Sardinia, in 1824, Lord
Liverpool wrote to Canning saying 'there are those who
think that the ex-king was the lawful king of Great Britain'.
Until the accession of King Edward VII finger bowls were
not placed upon the royal dinner table, because in former
times those who secretly sympathised with the Jacobites
were in the habit of drinking to the king over the water.
Upon the death of Henry Stuart, Cardinal York, the last
of King James II’s descendants, in 1807, the rightful
occupant of the British throne according to Jacobite principles
was to be found among the descendants of Henrietta Anne,
daughter of King Charles I of England and Scotland, who
married Philip I, duke of Orleans. Today, the senior co-heir-general
of Charles I is Franz, duke of Bavaria, of the former
ruling family of Bavaria, and descendant of Henrietta
Anne. He is considered by Jacobites to be the heir of
the house of Stuart and the rightful ruler of England,
Scotland and Ireland, although he does not advance the
claim himself.[5][6]
|
(1625)
[1]Charles
I (Stuart) = Pss Henriette[1]
K of Great Britain
| de France
& Ireland
1625-49† | †1669
*1600 |
(Bourbon)
_______________________|______________________
|
(2)
| (1)
|
/(1673)
| (1661)\
[1]James
II/VII
= Pss Maria d'Este
Pss Henrietta = Philippe I
K of England, Scotland,
| of Modena
of England |
D d'Orléans
Wales 1685-88
dep |
†1718
†1670 |
†1701
claimant 1688-1701†
| [1][2]
[1]
| (Bourbon)[2]
*1633
|
|
_____________|
_______|
|
| (1)
| (1719)
| (1684)\
[1]'James
III/VIII' = Pss Maria
Pss Anne Marie = Vittorio
Amedeo II
claimant 1701-66†
| Clementina
d'Orléans |
K of Sardinia
(James
Francis | Sobieska
†1728 |
†1732
Edward Stuart
| †1735 [2]
| (Savoy)
'P of Wales') | [2]
|
*1688 |
|
____________|___________
_________|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
|
/(1722)
[1]'Charles
III' [1]Henry
IX
Carlo Emanuele III
= Anna Christina
claimant 1766-88†
claimant 1788-1807†
K of Sardinia | CP of Sulzbach
(Charles
Edward Stuart (Card Henry Benedict
†1773
| †1723
'P
of Wales')
Stuart)
| (Wittelsbach)
*1720
*1725
| [2]
____________|
|
|
(1750)
Vittorio Amedeo III
= Inf María
K of Sardinia | Antonia of Spain
†1796
| †1785
| (Borbón)[2]
__________|___________
| |
|
| (1789)
'Charles IV'
'Victor'
= Maria Therese
claimant 1807-19† claimant
1819-24† | AD of Austria-Este
(Carlo
Emanuele IV (Vittorio
Emanuele I |
†1832
K of Sardinia) K
of Sardinia) |
(Habsburg)
*1751
*1759 |
[2]
___________|
|
| (1812)
'Mary II'
= Francesco IV
claimant 1824-40† | D of Modena
(Pss
Maria Beatrice |
†1846
of
Sardinia) | (Habsburg-Este)
*1792 |
[2]
__________|__________
|
| (1)
|
| (1847)\
[3]'Francis
I'
Ferdinand =
Elisabeth
[3]claimant 1840-75† AD
of Austria-Este | AD of Austria
[2](Francesco V
†1849 |
†1903
D
of Modena) [2]
| (Habsburg)
*1819
| [2]
__________|
|
| (1868)
[3]'Mary
III' = Ludwig
III
[3]claimant 1875-1919†
| K of Bavaria
[2](Maria Theresia
| †1921
AD of Austria-Este) | (Wittelsbach)
*1849
| [4]
___________|
| (1)
| /(1900)
[3]'Robert
I/IV' = Marie Gabriele
[3]claimant 1919-55†
| Dss in Bavaria
[4](Rupprecht
CrP |
†1912
of Bavaria) |
(Wittelsbach)
*1869 |
[4]
___________|
| (1)
| /(1930)
[1]'Albert' =
Css Maria
[1][4]claimant
1955-96† | Css de Draskovich
[4](Albrecht D of
| Trakostjan
Bavaria)
|
†1969
*1905
|
[4]
___________|
|
|
[5]'Francis
II'
[5]claimant
1996-
(Franz, D of Bavaria)
[4]*1933
|
Abbreviations |
Sources
1.
Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd, ed. Burke's Guide to the Royal
Family. London: Burke’s Peerage Ltd., 1973.
2.
Charles
Cawley. Medieval Lands - A prosopography of medieval European
noble and royal families. The Foundation for Medieval Genealogy,
©2018.
3. Charles
Petrie. The Jacobite movement: the Last Phase, 1716-1807.
London : Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1950.
4. Steven
Mueller. The Wittelsbach Dynasty. Bavaria: Waldmann
Press, 2007.
5. Franz,
Duke of Bavaria. The British Museum. © 2020 The
Trustees of the British Museum.
6. Encyclopaedia
Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General
Information, 11th edn, New York: Encyclopaedia Britannica
Co., 1911. |
|
