The Virtues
Engraving, by Jan van Vianen, published 1803

The Roman virtues were a set of moral principles deeply ingrained in Roman society, shaping the ethical framework of the civilisation. These virtues encapsulated the ideals of courage, wisdom, self-discipline, and justice, serving as guiding principles for both personal conduct and civic responsibilities. They emphasised the importance of moral integrity, resilience in adversity, prudent decision-making, moderation in behaviour, and fairness in dealings with others. The virtues were not only valued on an individual level but also formed the cornerstone of societal values, contributing to the stability and prosperity of the Roman Republic and Empire by fostering a culture of honour, duty, and civic-mindedness among its citizens.