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| Constantino Escalante (1836–1868) | ||||||||||
| Escalante was a Mexican political and historical lithographer, illustrator, caricaturist, and journalist during the Reform period. He was one of the finest lithographers of this era, establishing lithographic caricature as a field in its own right. Between 1861 and 1868, he published over five hundred satirical lithographs for the liberal journal La Orquesta, which he co-founded. Many of his caricatures depict notable and powerful figures of Mexico during the country's struggles to build a modern, independent nation. Alongside Honoré Daumier and Francisco Goya, he sought to expose the duplicity of the ruling class, the ideals of the emerging middle class, and efforts towards national reform and transformation. Often referred to as the Daumier of Mexico, Escalante was arrested due to censorship and repression under the Regency of Mexico. During Emperor Maximilian's reign, he signed his caricatures under an alias to avoid reprisals. Escalante ultimately died from injuries sustained in a railroad accident in Tlalpan. | ||||||||||
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Art