Three zebras on green grass field
Photograph by Fabrizio Frigeni, 2018

Zebras, scientifically classified under the genus Equus, are hoofed mammals belonging to the family Equidae. There are three species: the plains zebra (Equus quagga), the Grevy's zebra (Equus grevyi), and the mountain zebra (Equus zebra). Each species has its unique range and ecological adaptations. Plains zebras, the most widespread species, inhabit grasslands and savannas across eastern and southern Africa. Grevy's zebras, the largest of the three species, are native to semi-arid regions of Kenya and Ethiopia. Mountain zebras, adapted to rocky, mountainous terrain, are found in Namibia, Angola, and South Africa. Despite their differences, all zebras share common characteristics such as herbivorous feeding habits, social structures revolving around small family groups, and the use of stripes for camouflage and thermoregulation. They are social animals, forming small family groups led by a dominant stallion, and communicate through a variety of vocalisations, including barks, whinnies, and brays, as well as through body language. Conservation efforts are crucial for all three species due to threats including habitat loss, poaching, and competition with livestock for resources.